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	<channel>
		<title><![CDATA[IRSE Exam Forum - Miscellaneous topics]]></title>
		<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/</link>
		<description><![CDATA[IRSE Exam Forum - https://irse.signalpost.org]]></description>
		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 13:18:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<generator>MyBB</generator>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Product Approvals]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=2397</link>
			<pubDate>Wed, 25 Sep 2019 07:16:29 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=4393">PJD</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=2397</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Hi all, <br />
Does anyone know a good source of info for the Product Approval process which would be applied to signalling products?]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[Hi all, <br />
Does anyone know a good source of info for the Product Approval process which would be applied to signalling products?]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Requirements of a Competence Management System]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=2374</link>
			<pubDate>Sat, 27 Jul 2019 12:15:10 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=4393">PJD</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=2374</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Hi All, <br />
I am currently considering the CMS. <br />
My study has lead me down a path to think about the requirements of the CMS. In developing the CMS the requirements must be specified before the design can commence. <br />
Does anyone have a view on the highest level requirement for the CMS? <br />
My thought is "<span style="font-style: italic;" class="mycode_i">the CMS shall ensure all staff have the necessary competence to carry out their duties safely</span>"<br />
<br />
Would be great to get peoples thoughts on this. <br />
<br />
Thanks]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[Hi All, <br />
I am currently considering the CMS. <br />
My study has lead me down a path to think about the requirements of the CMS. In developing the CMS the requirements must be specified before the design can commence. <br />
Does anyone have a view on the highest level requirement for the CMS? <br />
My thought is "<span style="font-style: italic;" class="mycode_i">the CMS shall ensure all staff have the necessary competence to carry out their duties safely</span>"<br />
<br />
Would be great to get peoples thoughts on this. <br />
<br />
Thanks]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Strap and Function Testing]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=2121</link>
			<pubDate>Mon, 12 Sep 2016 21:37:47 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=3865">ledwardz</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=2121</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Hi There, <br />
<br />
I am relatively new to the rail industry working primarily on Manchester Metrolink and do not have a background in testing. I am wondering if someone can explain strap and function testing to me. Internet sources regarding the subject seem convoluted. <br />
<br />
as an example;<br />
<br />
If i place a voltage on a set of motorised points detection relay (so in effect mimiking that the points are set in reverse) and then monitor the PPI position is this strap and function testing? <br />
<br />
Would this type of test be done by a functional tester or a principle tester? <br />
<br />
I imagine its a functional tester as it only tests one small part of the system and verifys that the circuit is built to design rather than validating that the design is fit for purpose and safe to signalling standards. <br />
<br />
If this is a functional tester then what is the principle tester responsible for? does he check any part of the electrics or is he more concerned with the 'function'. e.g If my interlocking is set to a particular route do the protecting signals reflect this? Would he test axle counter points blocks to ensure the points remain locked until the block is traversed and that they are positioned in order that the points have enough time to throw? (again this seems like functional test)<br />
<br />
Basically, if someone could give me a principle testing example explained at a basic level i'd appreciate it. <br />
<br />
Thanks, <br />
<br />
Lee.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[Hi There, <br />
<br />
I am relatively new to the rail industry working primarily on Manchester Metrolink and do not have a background in testing. I am wondering if someone can explain strap and function testing to me. Internet sources regarding the subject seem convoluted. <br />
<br />
as an example;<br />
<br />
If i place a voltage on a set of motorised points detection relay (so in effect mimiking that the points are set in reverse) and then monitor the PPI position is this strap and function testing? <br />
<br />
Would this type of test be done by a functional tester or a principle tester? <br />
<br />
I imagine its a functional tester as it only tests one small part of the system and verifys that the circuit is built to design rather than validating that the design is fit for purpose and safe to signalling standards. <br />
<br />
If this is a functional tester then what is the principle tester responsible for? does he check any part of the electrics or is he more concerned with the 'function'. e.g If my interlocking is set to a particular route do the protecting signals reflect this? Would he test axle counter points blocks to ensure the points remain locked until the block is traversed and that they are positioned in order that the points have enough time to throw? (again this seems like functional test)<br />
<br />
Basically, if someone could give me a principle testing example explained at a basic level i'd appreciate it. <br />
<br />
Thanks, <br />
<br />
Lee.]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Categories of failures for safety - related equipment.]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=2029</link>
			<pubDate>Sat, 16 Jan 2016 11:33:06 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=1907">dorothy.pipet</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=2029</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Looking at  the first part of question 4 of 2012 paper, it asks for ways to categorise failures. This i think I could do by having 4 to 5 types of severity of consequence such as number and types of injury and harm.<br />
Not sure howto add in compound failures to that.  <br />
Do you assume just 2 failures at once, or every possible cascade of failures no matter how unlikely?<br />
Do you take into account whether the failures may be unrelated or aassociated in some way?<br />
<br />
Can anyone elaborate for me or direct me to a good source of further information.<br />
<br />
My thanks.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[Looking at  the first part of question 4 of 2012 paper, it asks for ways to categorise failures. This i think I could do by having 4 to 5 types of severity of consequence such as number and types of injury and harm.<br />
Not sure howto add in compound failures to that.  <br />
Do you assume just 2 failures at once, or every possible cascade of failures no matter how unlikely?<br />
Do you take into account whether the failures may be unrelated or aassociated in some way?<br />
<br />
Can anyone elaborate for me or direct me to a good source of further information.<br />
<br />
My thanks.]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[2012 Q8]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1821</link>
			<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2014 21:38:18 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=2930">neil-thomson</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1821</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[All,<br />
<br />
I'm looking for some clarification / discussion on the above question and I guess the definition of risk / hazards.<br />
<br />
The first part of the question is leading you towards MVDCs, axle counters and GPS positioning (ETCS).<br />
<br />
The second part asks for three hazards, causes and effects for each for 9 marks. This puzzled me. Am I right in thinking that safety hazards would be something like signal reversion, section showing clear when occupied and section showing occupied when clear?<br />
<br />
I would also say if this is right then a large number of the effects will be protecting signals at red / SPADs / delays.<br />
<br />
Thanks in advance<br />
<br />
Neil]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[All,<br />
<br />
I'm looking for some clarification / discussion on the above question and I guess the definition of risk / hazards.<br />
<br />
The first part of the question is leading you towards MVDCs, axle counters and GPS positioning (ETCS).<br />
<br />
The second part asks for three hazards, causes and effects for each for 9 marks. This puzzled me. Am I right in thinking that safety hazards would be something like signal reversion, section showing clear when occupied and section showing occupied when clear?<br />
<br />
I would also say if this is right then a large number of the effects will be protecting signals at red / SPADs / delays.<br />
<br />
Thanks in advance<br />
<br />
Neil]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Lineside Access RA]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1820</link>
			<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2014 20:56:15 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=2930">neil-thomson</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1820</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[All,<br />
<br />
Wrt Paper 2011 Q8, where would be a good place to find details on the risk assessment methodology/procedure where the requirements for lineside protection is ascertained?<br />
<br />
Thanks in advance<br />
<br />
Neil]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[All,<br />
<br />
Wrt Paper 2011 Q8, where would be a good place to find details on the risk assessment methodology/procedure where the requirements for lineside protection is ascertained?<br />
<br />
Thanks in advance<br />
<br />
Neil]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[rail incidents in India]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1621</link>
			<pubDate>Wed, 08 Jan 2014 05:01:47 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=412">Savitha</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1621</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[1.Few months ago, Dhamara Ghat train accident in India killed 36 people. This accident happened as group of people tried to cross the tracks in a railway station hit by high speed train on the track.<br />
2.  The ac coach of Bangalore City-Hazur Sahib Nanded express train caught fire &amp; 26 people died. The cause of fire is due to fire in electric circuit of ac coach.<br />
<br />
My query :<br />
<br />
1. how  the people in signalling industry has to see these incidents. or how these incidents will affect the railway signalling.<br />
2. If the same incidents have happened in UK, what will be the reactions of government &amp; signalling industry.<br />
<br />
Regards,<br />
savitha]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[1.Few months ago, Dhamara Ghat train accident in India killed 36 people. This accident happened as group of people tried to cross the tracks in a railway station hit by high speed train on the track.<br />
2.  The ac coach of Bangalore City-Hazur Sahib Nanded express train caught fire &amp; 26 people died. The cause of fire is due to fire in electric circuit of ac coach.<br />
<br />
My query :<br />
<br />
1. how  the people in signalling industry has to see these incidents. or how these incidents will affect the railway signalling.<br />
2. If the same incidents have happened in UK, what will be the reactions of government &amp; signalling industry.<br />
<br />
Regards,<br />
savitha]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[RAIB Annual Report 2011]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1368</link>
			<pubDate>Thu, 13 Dec 2012 22:18:36 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=8">PJW</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1368</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[The 2011 report has just been published and is available to download; <br />
<a href="http://www.raib.gov.uk/publications/annual_report/annual_report_published_in_2012.cfm" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url">http://www.raib.gov.uk/publications/annu...n_2012.cfm</a><br />
<br />
Makes a change from all the "2013" titles that tend to predominate at this time of year.<br />
<br />
As the Report states: "It is produced in accordance with the Railways (Accident Investigation and Reporting) Regulations 2005 (SI1992) and also meets the requirement of the European Railway Safety Directive (2004/49/EC)."<br />
<br />
Gives a good overview of railway safety and risk, useful particularly from a module 1 perspective.  <br />
<br />
It is notable that the the Chief Inspector's commentary includes:<br />
"I am concerned that in a significant number of the investigations we undertook during 2011 we identified factors that had been the subject of previous RAIB recommendations. In at least three<br />
investigations we found that a more timely and/or thorough response to one or more previous RAIB recommendations would have had the potential to prevent the accident. In another case we concluded that the consequence of an accident would have been reduced if an earlier<br />
recommendation had been more fully addressed."]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[The 2011 report has just been published and is available to download; <br />
<a href="http://www.raib.gov.uk/publications/annual_report/annual_report_published_in_2012.cfm" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url">http://www.raib.gov.uk/publications/annu...n_2012.cfm</a><br />
<br />
Makes a change from all the "2013" titles that tend to predominate at this time of year.<br />
<br />
As the Report states: "It is produced in accordance with the Railways (Accident Investigation and Reporting) Regulations 2005 (SI1992) and also meets the requirement of the European Railway Safety Directive (2004/49/EC)."<br />
<br />
Gives a good overview of railway safety and risk, useful particularly from a module 1 perspective.  <br />
<br />
It is notable that the the Chief Inspector's commentary includes:<br />
"I am concerned that in a significant number of the investigations we undertook during 2011 we identified factors that had been the subject of previous RAIB recommendations. In at least three<br />
investigations we found that a more timely and/or thorough response to one or more previous RAIB recommendations would have had the potential to prevent the accident. In another case we concluded that the consequence of an accident would have been reduced if an earlier<br />
recommendation had been more fully addressed."]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[residual risk]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1126</link>
			<pubDate>Sun, 25 Nov 2012 03:20:00 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=0">savitha kandasamy</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1126</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Dear Members,<br />
<br />
I couldn't able to understand about residual risk. Kindly provide an example to understand about residual risk.<br />
<br />
Regards,<br />
saitha]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[Dear Members,<br />
<br />
I couldn't able to understand about residual risk. Kindly provide an example to understand about residual risk.<br />
<br />
Regards,<br />
saitha]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Risks associated with signal lamp failure]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1104</link>
			<pubDate>Fri, 19 Oct 2012 04:08:00 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=0">savitha kandasamy</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1104</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Hi,<br />
<br />
During a discussion about Lamp checking relay, I was informed that in certain Railways in Europe, if a lamp fails , the signal will go blank. But I am unable to get any further information regarding which part of European Railway or how the associated risk is mitigated. Kindly share any information regarding this.<br />
<br />
Thanks,<br />
savitha]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[Hi,<br />
<br />
During a discussion about Lamp checking relay, I was informed that in certain Railways in Europe, if a lamp fails , the signal will go blank. But I am unable to get any further information regarding which part of European Railway or how the associated risk is mitigated. Kindly share any information regarding this.<br />
<br />
Thanks,<br />
savitha]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Yellow Book]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1049</link>
			<pubDate>Thu, 05 Jul 2012 17:17:56 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=1496">andyrail</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1049</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Does anyone know where the current and complete Yellow book is available to download for free. I hear it,s useful for mod 1 study.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[Does anyone know where the current and complete Yellow book is available to download for free. I hear it,s useful for mod 1 study.]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Safety Methodology]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1033</link>
			<pubDate>Mon, 23 Apr 2012 07:39:52 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=8">PJW</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=1033</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Candidates would be well advised to appreciate that the <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Common Safety Method (EC Decision 352/2009) </span> will come into force for the infrastructure of the UK Main Line Railway in July 2012 and may replace certain of the requirements for safety verification with a slightly different assessment methodology to Safety Verification.<br />
<br />
See: <a href="http://www.era.europa.eu/Core-Activities/Safety/Pages/risk-assessment.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url">http://www.era.europa.eu/Core-Activities...sment.aspx</a><br />
<br />
Also recognise that <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"> The Yellow Book </span> is no longer to be kept updated and is no longer sets out the standard followed on Network Rail.  This does not mean that it has suddenly become completely irrelevant; knowledge of its contents is still useful as it is an accessible presentation of "good practice" but beware of giving the impression that it is the definitive book that perhaps it once was.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[Candidates would be well advised to appreciate that the <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Common Safety Method (EC Decision 352/2009) </span> will come into force for the infrastructure of the UK Main Line Railway in July 2012 and may replace certain of the requirements for safety verification with a slightly different assessment methodology to Safety Verification.<br />
<br />
See: <a href="http://www.era.europa.eu/Core-Activities/Safety/Pages/risk-assessment.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url">http://www.era.europa.eu/Core-Activities...sment.aspx</a><br />
<br />
Also recognise that <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"> The Yellow Book </span> is no longer to be kept updated and is no longer sets out the standard followed on Network Rail.  This does not mean that it has suddenly become completely irrelevant; knowledge of its contents is still useful as it is an accessible presentation of "good practice" but beware of giving the impression that it is the definitive book that perhaps it once was.]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Moreton-on-Lugg]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=762</link>
			<pubDate>Mon, 28 Feb 2011 17:25:32 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=7">Peter</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=762</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[The Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) has released its <a href="http://www.raib.gov.uk/publications/investigation_reports/reports_2011/report042011.cfm" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url">report</a> into a fatal accident at Moreton-on-Lugg, near Hereford, 16 January 2010. The RAIB has made four recommendations.<br />
<br />
There are several points in there that I found very interesting about the human factors issues which are cited as contributory to how the human error was made. Will you think the same way in the future if you are laying out an operations floor or designing a form for use in such an environment? Perhaps a bit more mod 7 Systems Engineering would help or do we discount the human from being part of the system.<br />
<br />
Peter]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[The Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) has released its <a href="http://www.raib.gov.uk/publications/investigation_reports/reports_2011/report042011.cfm" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url">report</a> into a fatal accident at Moreton-on-Lugg, near Hereford, 16 January 2010. The RAIB has made four recommendations.<br />
<br />
There are several points in there that I found very interesting about the human factors issues which are cited as contributory to how the human error was made. Will you think the same way in the future if you are laying out an operations floor or designing a form for use in such an environment? Perhaps a bit more mod 7 Systems Engineering would help or do we discount the human from being part of the system.<br />
<br />
Peter]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Do any markers read this forum?]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=721</link>
			<pubDate>Mon, 17 Jan 2011 17:25:59 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=50">BedfordBoy</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=721</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[I was very surprised to hear that increasing the number of questions from 2 to 3 has made little difference to the pass rate for module 1. <br />
<br />
Someone please tell me the markers aren't still looking for the same level of depth for each answer as for previous years. <br />
<br />
Since a 30 min answer has now become a 20 min answer, hopefully it only has to be 2/3 as detailed compared to previous years to get the same marks. Did someone forget to tell the markers?<br />
<br />
Any thoughts, from markers or others?]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[I was very surprised to hear that increasing the number of questions from 2 to 3 has made little difference to the pass rate for module 1. <br />
<br />
Someone please tell me the markers aren't still looking for the same level of depth for each answer as for previous years. <br />
<br />
Since a 30 min answer has now become a 20 min answer, hopefully it only has to be 2/3 as detailed compared to previous years to get the same marks. Did someone forget to tell the markers?<br />
<br />
Any thoughts, from markers or others?]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[principle & function testing]]></title>
			<link>https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=610</link>
			<pubDate>Thu, 26 Aug 2010 06:54:14 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://irse.signalpost.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=643">Archie</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://irse.signalpost.org/showthread.php?tid=610</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Hello, what is the difference between 'principle &amp; functional' testing?]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[Hello, what is the difference between 'principle &amp; functional' testing?]]></content:encoded>
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